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St James of Koghtn on Varak mountain (Source: P. Müller-Simonis, Du Caucase au Golfe Persique, à travers l’Arménie, le Kurdistan et la Mésopotamie, Washington D.C., 1892)
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Island of Akhtamar/Akdamar, the church of the Holy Cross and the monastery (Source: Earl Percy, Highlands of Asiatic Turkey, London, 1901)
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The island of Akhtamar/Akdamar and the monastery (Source: Walter Bachmann, Kirchen und Moscheen in Armenien und Kurdistan, Leipzig, 1913)
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Van castle (Van Kalesi) (Source: Henry Binder, Au Kurdistan, en Mésopotamie et en Perse, Paris, 1887)
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The monastery on the island of Akhtamar/Akdamar (Source: Eberhard-Joachim Graf von Westarp, Unter Halbmond und Sonne, ca 1913, Berlin)
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Van: a scene from the town (Source: C.F. Lehmann-Haupt, Armenien Einst und Jetzt, Berlin/Leipzig, 1926)
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A scene from the town of Van (Source: C.F. Lehmann-Haupt, Armenien Einst und Jetzt, Berlin/Leipzig, 1926)
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Van: the castle (Van Kalesi) and the fortified centre of the town (Source: H.F.B. Lynch, Armenia. Travels and Studies, Vol. II, London, 1901)
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Holy Cross church on Aghtamar/Akdamar island (Source: H.F.B. Lynch, Armenia. Travels and Studies, Vol. II, London, 1901)
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Van: a general view of the town (Source: Victor Pietschmann, Durch kurdische Berge und armenische Städte, Wien, 1940)
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Van (Source: Victor Pietschmann, Durch kurdische Berge und armenische Städte, Wien, 1940)
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Van castle (Van Kalesi) (Source: Victor Pietschmann, Durch kurdische Berge und armenische Städte, Wien, 1940)
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Van castle (Van Kalesi) (Source: Victor Pietschmann, Durch kurdische Berge und armenische Städte, Wien, 1940)
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The town of Van: conscription during the First World War (Source: Victor Pietschmann, Durch kurdische Berge und armenische Städte, Wien, 1940)
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The monastery of Varak (Yedikilise), 1895 (Source: Delores Oro-Bedrosian collection)
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Akra. A town inhabited by Nestorians (Assyrians) (Source: Mark Sykes, Dar-ul-Islam, London, 1904)
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The fortress of Khoshab/Hoşab (Source: Noel Buxton, Harold Buxton, Travel and politics in Armenia , London, 1914)
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A scene from Beirut (Michel Paboudjian Collection)
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A scene from the city of Jerusalem (Photograph by Victor Forbin, Service Historique de la Défense, Vincennes)
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A view from Baghdad (H. Grothe, Geographische Charakterbilder, Leipzig, 1909)